Epic of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

I have quite recently finished the perusing of Beowulf, which was deciphered by Burton Raffel. 1)     Beowulf is an amazingly energizing and interesting anecdote about a character who lived in medieval Europe. The stunning thing for me about this work was to discover that it is the most punctual sonnet in a cutting edge European language. Beowulf is to the English what Homer and the Odyssey were to the Greeks. Despite the fact that this is the most punctual sonnet, it is as yet fun and energizing to peruse. I didn't accept that a sonnet which has been around for over twelve centuries, could keep my advantage. I wasn't right. The book is loaded up with more violence then the normal summer thriller. After the fight with Grendel, the beast which has been desolating the Danish open country and executing endless men, Beowulf ensures that all individuals realize that he had harmed the extraordinary beast. It is deciphered that, "...no Dane questioned the triumph, for the evidence, balancing high from the rafters where Beowulf had hung it, was the beast's arm, paw and shoulder and all" (Raffel, 49). It was the stunning utilization of detail and energizing fights that was left with me when I completed the book. I surmise all books, paying little mind to their age can in any case be fun and engaging to peruse. 2)     Good writing has an extremely exact definition for me. I judge a bit of writing on three unique measures, 1) does it have noteworthy characters, 2) accomplishes the work assume me to a position and let me experience things that I have never experienced, and 3) will the work remain with me long after I have finished understanding it. This is the models on which I judge a book and as per this, I accept that Beowulf ought to be considered "good" writing. I generally ask myself, when I am finished perusing a book, did the book have important characters. In Beowulf, the characters were noteworthy. A minor character in the book, the ruler of the Danes, named Hrothgar, is a character who stands out incredibly in my brain. Hrothgar was a lord of the Danes and worked for them an immense mead lobby in which men had the option to eat drink and be happy. It was then that the incredible beast, Grendel, came and devastated the ideal world which was Herot by eating and devouring the Danish warriors. Hrothgar stands out in my brain since I could imagine him, in the opportunity before Beowulf went to the Danes, out of resentment and hopelessness over this beast that wouldn't quit executing his fighters and companions.

Communication Barriers

Killing Barriers to Cross-Cultural Communication through Curricular Interventions By David Dankwa-Apawu (Lecturer) Ghana Institute of Journalism P. O. Box GP 667 Accra, Ghana +233208704133 +233302228336 [emailâ protected] co. uk 1 ABSTRACT With the world quick turning into a worldwide town, conveying across societies has become an inescapable reality. On one hand, multifaceted correspondence or intercultural correspondence presents a fine chance to cultivate worldwide harmony and success as we mine the potential estimation of social decent variety. Additionally read: Explain the Importance of Ensuring That Communication Equipment is Correctly Set UpOn the other hand, it can introduce unsavory results if not all around oversaw. The last appears to be increasingly predominant in our present reality because of the obstructions social assorted variety forces on intercultural correspondence. Intercultural or multifaceted correspondence hindrances, for example, uneasiness, vulnerability, generalizing, and ethnocentrism are brought about by deficient social information and the absence of intercultural open aptitudes. Disposing of these obstructions will require sufficient preparing in intercultural correspondence and introduction to societies outside ours.The school gives the best inspiration, structures, and assets for preparing or mingling our more youthful age in this manner this paper proposes various curricular intercessions the school can execute to prepare students to defeat intercultural correspondence hindrances. These interc essions remember the reception of multicultural instruction for our schools, the presentation of writing and social investigations as subjects, the utilization of informative language showing approach in showing language, and the utilization of the new media in the classroom.The legitimization (for these mediations) introduced in this paper is drawn chiefly from distributed records and exploratory ethnographic examinations. Presentation Intercultural correspondence or multifaceted correspondence is a generally new field of study, yet it has created a great deal of intrigue. Research around there has been differing yet interdisciplinary, making it conceivable to connect intercultural correspondence to a wide range of orders such business, human science, human sciences, etymology, and brain research. Studies in intercultural 2 ommunication picked up noticeable quality after endeavors by anthropologists and etymologists like Hall and Lado to interface language, culture, and corresponde nce (Kramsch, 2001). Starting examination in the region concentrated on creating rules or standards for preparing individuals who were occupied with worldwide organizations, global tact, and teacher exercises (Kramsch, 2001). Today, in any case, numerous new grounds, as far as research draws near, have been broken, and an ever increasing number of speculations have been created to develop our comprehension of intergroup communication.For occurrence, through different investigations it has been conceivable to recognize intercultural and diverse correspondence, with the previous focussing on eye to eye correspondence between individuals of various national societies while the last includes the correlation of up close and personal correspondence across societies (Gudykunst and Mody, 2001). Be that as it may, these two territories are different sides of a coin, and some of the time the terms are utilized conversely (Kramsch, 2001).More than the spearheading work of early scientists, wor ldwide elements have strikingly made the field of culturally diverse or intercultural correspondence alluring. Today there is quick internationalization of each foundation and framework in our reality: school, religion, business, administration, etc. This fast globalization, being fuelled by extraordinary mechanical headway in transport and media transmission, implies individuals of various social foundations are progressively drawing near to each other to expand the worth social assorted variety offers.But as we get up close and personal with individuals of various social foundations the test of managing our social contrasts and bridling the potential advantages of social decent variety gets colossal. Social contrasts have critical effect on our intercultural correspondence. They are the wellspring of misconception, confusion, 3 tension, and vulnerability, which at last outcome in miscommunication (Stephan and Stephan, 2002:127; Gudykunst, 2002; Gudykunst and Lee, 2002).Studies in intercultural or multifaceted correspondence are helping shape numerous aspects of our human collaboration by causing to notice the attributes of verbal and nonverbal conduct across societies, the effect of culture in developing significance, the structure and informative objectives of talks, and factors that impact our capacity, or something else, to cooperate and decipher talk (Kramsch, 2001). Speculations and observational investigations in intercultural correspondence have had genuine ramifications for social activity and social change (Rogers and Hart, 2002:14).It is the reason for this paper to legitimize the incorporation of exercises that advance intercultural preparing in school educational plans. This paper proposes various exercises or intercessions the school can execute to assist students with managing the hindrances inborn in intercultural correspondence, and in the long run prepare them to be viable communicators. The legitimization introduced in this paper is drawn f undamentally from distributed records and exploratory ethnographic studies.KEY CONCEPTS Culture, Communication, and Intercultural Communication In examining intercultural correspondence numerous specialists have endeavored to conceptualize culture and correspondence from different points of view so as to value their interrelationship. For the most part, culture is conceptualized as a mutual lifestyle all things considered created and shared by a gathering of individuals and transmitted from age to age (Tubbs 4 and Moss, 1994).Culture typifies numerous perplexing components, for example, convictions, values, language, political frameworks, and instruments which together give a gathering its code or qualities (Griffin, 2000; Tubbs and Moss, 1994). This code isn't forced by one individual or an outer body. Or maybe, it is â€Å"socially constructed† (by individuals that make up the gathering) and â€Å"historically transmitted† (Philipsen, 1992, refered to in Griffin, 200 0:390). All the more fundamentally, culture is claimed by a gathering of individuals who by accord acknowledge and share a typical code, verbal or nonverbal, intelligent of explicit qualities, convictions, customs, etc (Barnet and Lee, 2002).Goodenough (1964) sees culture not as far as things or conduct however as far as an image of things a people structure in their psyches, and their models for seeing, relating, and deciphering things and conduct (refered to in Barnet and Lee, 2002:276). The intermingling one could draw from every one of these definitions is the way that each gathering is limited by a specific novel method of getting things done and deciphering things or conduct. Correspondence, however differently characterized, by and large portrays a procedure by which data is traded among at least two individuals in a given context.Ultimately, this procedure of trading data is limited by a reason: that is, to lessen vulnerability and build up a typical comprehension among the interactants (Barnett and Lee, 2002). Intercultural correspondence is in this way â€Å"the trade of data between all around characterized gatherings of individuals with fundamentally extraordinary cultures† (Barnett and Lee, 2002:277). The procedure is very perplexing as in this trade of data happens in a setting which is a combination of altogether various frameworks. The procedure additionally requires cognizant endeavors by each gathering at decreasing â€Å"uncertainty about the future conduct of the other party through an expansion in comprehension of the other group† (Barnett and Lee, 2002:277; Gudykunst, 2002). Unmistakably, social fluctuation (the degree to which societies vary) is vital to any conceptualization of intercultural correspondence. Different investigations have analyzed social inconstancy at the degree of intensity appropriation (or force separation), vulnerability evasion, sex jobs, face exchange, independence cooperation, and others (Gudykunst a nd Lee, 2002; Griffin, 2000).One well known end is that social changeability is the primary indicator of how fruitful one can be in any intercultural correspondence experience. Hypothetical FRAMEWORK Gudykunst’s Anxiety and Uncertainty Management Model Gudykunst and partners built up the uneasiness and vulnerability the board hypothesis to clarify what happens when we speak with individuals of various social foundations. The hypothesis recommends that when conversationalists of various social foundations conflict in eye to eye connections, they are gone up against with vulnerability (which Gudykunst portrays as subjective) and nervousness (emotional) (Griffin, 2000:396).The vulnerability depicts our failure to clarify activities and responses of the â€Å"strangers† we speak with. It shows how uncertain we are about the understandings we ascribe on the conduct of the individuals we speak with (Griffin, 2000). Nervousness, then again, depicts our sentiment of anxiety an d misgiving about what may occur in the intercultural correspondence experience. The degree to which we are impacted by nervousness and vulnerability would decide how viable we would be in our intercultural correspondence (Gudykunst, 2000). 6Although nervousness and vulnerability apply some effect on intra-bunch correspondence, their effect is significant in intercultural correspondence. Tension and vulnerability channel the shared understanding that must exist to make any correspondence experience effective. In any case, uneasiness and vulnerability are not so much negative. Or maybe they constrain us to move toward our correspondence with a degree of â€Å"mindfulness†, a purposeful idea over the correspondence procedure. In our condition of vulnerability and anxiety, we continually become aware of our decisions and over the long haul mama

Aids Treatments

Helps is one of the most compromising ailment which is affecting the lives of numerous individuals around the world, in addition to the most bewildering actuality is that it is affecting individuals and spreading at an exponential rate and as open mindfulness programs center around it The most upsetting certainty is that as the quantity of cases twofold a fixes not in sight nor an immunization has been created and Aids is as yet a serious condition.The human immunodeficiency infection has an immediate and a deadly on life, at its very center, the transmission happens mainly by means of blood, semen and â€Å"vaginal liquid other organic liquids, similar to the salivation, contain dreadfully low a centralization of the infection to be risky Both blood and semen imply life and potential life in a solid way.† (Paskin, 1994)AIDS is the most extreme stage, of the contamination with what we know as the AIDS infection. Helps is likewise commonly acknowledged as a disorder, an assortm ent of explicit, perilous and hazardous signs that is because of a hidden invulnerable inadequacy, a lack not brought about by any known conditions and sicknesses other than contamination with the AIDS virus.It decimates the body's ability to avert microbes and infections that would conventionally be fended off by an appropriately working insusceptible framework, and it is the ailments, the shrewd diseases, brought about by these outside operators that in the long run execute the person in question; or, demise results from a type of malignancy, Kaposi's sarcoma, that is undeniably more forceful in AIDS patients than among the individuals who don't experience the ill effects of AIDS.Thus, one can say that AIDS slaughtered the individual, since the expansion of the ‘S’ characterizes a disorder: the assortment of illnesses and side effects that came about because of the debilitated resistant system.Putting it another way, one can say that the â€Å"AIDS infection itself d oesn't murder, nor does it for the most part cause the different ailments related with the condition; a large portion of the awful occasions are basically the aftereffect of the harm to the safe system.† (Elli, 1992)The treatment of HIV-related immunological and neurological ailment includes the control of HIV replication by explicit enemy of viral medications, boosting the host's own safe reaction to HIV, hosing down any conceivably destructive consequences of the safe reaction, and reconstituting the deficient cell-interceded immunity.Thus, a wide scope of approaches are being attempted. This somehow or another mirrors the vulnerability with respect to the pathogenesis of this contamination. The administration of the particular shark contaminations and tumors that emerge on account of the immunodeficiency are shrouded in Chapter 4.Here, we will concentrate on the treatment of the hidden HIV disease. A definitive objective for the HIV-contaminated individual would be the anni hilation of HIV disease. Nonetheless, this is probably not going to be accomplished as the infection incorporates into the host chromosome, and thusly completely tainted cells would need to be removed.This might be conceivable in inexhaustible tissue, for example, lymphoid cells, yet not inside the sensory system, where cells can't be supplanted. Notwithstanding, if the infection could be smothered to the level where it isn't harming the host or proceeding to taint new cells, at that point the sickness procedure might be halted.The infection can conceivably be restrained in three different ways: (1) by forestalling official or combination to the objective cell; (2) by hindering replication and discharge; and (3) by initiating non-infective particlesDespite numerous general wellbeing endeavors and projects for the familiarity with the illness around the world it is still observed that in many immature nations Aids mindfulness programs don't work and individuals are as yet reveling in to acts like prostitution and perilous sexual activities.So along these lines to address this issue governments in these nations have directed numerous wellbeing projects, for example, making individuals mindful about the impacts of the malady andâ raising progressively instructive meetings for individuals reveling into practices which are a principle source in spreading this virus.Now governments around the universes are subsidizing ventures which are identified with the ailment so the individuals everywhere don't get influenced by the disease.These general wellbeing endeavors far and wide particularly in Asian and African nations has prompted individuals getting increasingly mindful of the dangers of the guides scourge and as a result of these wellbeing mindfulness programs individuals to not enjoy into unprotected sexual behavior.Works CitedPaskin, J. M. HIV and AIDS. Distributer: Bios Scientific Publishers. Spot of Publication: Oxford, England. Production Year: 1994.Elli, Otto man. HIV Infection and Intravenous Drug Use. Distributer: Praeger Publishers. Spot of Publication: Westport, CT. Distribution Year: 1992

Hip Hop Fashion Statement - Free Essay Example

Run DMC quoted â€Å"All of these clothes are connected to what it means to be young and black in america†. Hip Hop fashion is also known as big fashion. Men usually wore denim jeans, hooded sweatshirts, athletic warm up pants, Mock turtlenecks, etc. Major Contributors to hip hop clothing were Marc Ecko. Marc Ecko was the founder of Ecko unlimited. Also Avirex played a part in the hip hop fashion which was considered a hip hop brand started as a military clothing brand founded by Jeff clyman in 1975. In the 1980’s heavy jewelry was very popular. While men were so focused on heavy gold chains, Women was on large gold earrings. Believe it or not but music played a big part in the way people dressed during the 90’s. Celebrities were known as fashion icons, especially rappers such as Tupac, Snoop Dogg, and even LL Cool J with the Kangol hat in the 80’s. Fashion in the 90’s slowly evolved from the 80’s as the hip hop community wore African American dressing. Bright colors, Large pants and headwear were the inspiration of dressing in the early 90’s. Now lets skip to the Mid-Late 1990’s where Tommy Hilfiger was one of the most well-known brands along with Ralph Lauren polo, Calvin Klein, Nautica, and DKNY. In the late 1990’s artists and fans went from big gold chains to platinum and silver jewelry with diamonds. Rappers such as Juvenile and the Hot Boys were largely responsible for that trend. Plenty of people did not supp ort the fashion trends throughout the years. One publicist stated â€Å"Celebrities should try showing less expensive brands so people will know that they dont have to hustle, steal or kill for flyness†. In the late 1990’s Guru of gang star was robbed of his rolex at gunpoint and prodigy was robbed of $300,000 in jewelry. Later on in the 2000’s no matter if you were hooping or not, Sweatbands were very popular. Another big fashion statement was Tall Tee’s. Tall Tee’s were so cheap you could buy a couple of them for a dollar, Literally. Most people saw Tall Tee’s as a sign of drug dealers, for that reason they was banned from clubs. Tall Tee’s were on of the most worldwide trends. The founder Henry Abadi, a syrian native who traveled to New York in 1971 to be trained as an engineer, seemed to be into Tall Tee’s. Once Abadi could not find work as an engineer he opened a clothing store for kids. The store was a success so he turned it into a wholesale store. Once he launched the â€Å"40 inch Tee’s they were a huge success. Abadi started receiving calls Nationwide for the Tall Tee’s.

Batesian Mimicry Definition and Examples

Most insects are quite vulnerable to predation. If you cant overpower your enemy, you can try to outsmart him, and thats just what Batesian mimics do to stay alive. What Is Batesian Mimicry? In Batesian mimicry in insects, an edible insect looks similar to an aposematic, inedible insect. The inedible insect is called the model, and the lookalike species is called the mimic. Hungry predators that have tried to eat the unpalatable model species learn to associate its colors and markings with an unpleasant dining experience. The predator will generally avoid wasting time and energy catching such a noxious meal again. Because the mimic resembles the model, it benefits from the predators bad experience. Successful Batesian mimicry communities depend on an imbalance of unpalatable versus edible species. The mimics must be limited in number, while the models tend to be common and abundant. For such a defensive strategy to work for the mimic, there must be a high probability that the predator in the equation will first attempt to eat the inedible model species. Having learned to avoid such foul-tasting meals, the predator will leave both the models and mimics alone. When tasty mimics become abundant, predators take longer to develop an association between the bright colors and the indigestible meal. Examples of Batesian Mimicry Numerous examples of Batesian mimicry in insects are known. Many insects mimic bees, including certain flies, beetles, and even moths. Few predators will take the chance of getting stung by a bee, and most will avoid eating anything that looks like a bee. Birds avoid the unpalatable monarch butterfly, which accumulates toxic steroids called cardenolides in its body from feeding on milkweed plants as a caterpillar. The viceroy butterfly bears similar colors as the monarch, so birds steer clear of viceroys, too. While monarchs and viceroys have long been used as a classic example of Batesian mimicry, some entomologists now argue this is really a case of MÃ ¼llerian mimicry. Henry Bates and His Theory on Mimicry Henry Bates first proposed this theory on mimicry in 1861, building on Charles Darwins views on evolution. Bates, a naturalist, collected butterflies in the Amazon and observed their behavior. As he organized his collection of tropical butterflies, he noticed a pattern. Bates observed that the slowest flying butterflies tended to be those with bright colors, but most predators seemed uninterested in such easy prey. When he grouped his butterfly collection according to their colors and markings, he found most specimens with similar coloration were common, related species. But Bates also identified some rare species from distant families that shared the same color patterns. Why would a rare butterfly share the physical traits of these more common, but unrelated, species? Bates hypothesized that the slow, colorful butterflies must be unpalatable to predators; otherwise, theyd all be eaten rather quickly! He suspected the rare butterflies gained protection from predators by resembling their more common but foul-tasting cousins. A predator that made the mistake of sampling a noxious butterfly would learn to avoid similar-looking individuals in the future. Using Darwins theory of natural selection as a reference, Bates recognized evolution was at play in these mimicry communities. The predator selectively chose prey which least resembled the unpalatable species. Over time, the more precise mimics survived, while the less exact mimics were consumed. The form of mimicry described by Henry Bates now bears his name –Â  Batesian mimicry. Another form of mimicry, in which entire communities of species resemble one another, is called Mullerian mimicry after German naturalist Fritz MÃ ¼ller.

The Relationship Between Technological Change And Cultural...

Name Instructor’s Name Subject Date What is the Relationship Between Technological Change and Cultural Change? Introduction Technology has advanced rapidly over the last decade and these changes have affected all aspects of life including media. The advent of social media tools such as twitter and facebook means users do not have to wait to get to know about particular news. In other words, they have instant access to news today and this was not the case about 15 years ago. During the Pre-Internet era, people had to wait for news to get published in their local news and this news that eventually came to them were filtered and edited to ensure that people heard or read only what they should. Along with these technological advancements, many cultural changes have also happened in the way people receive news. To get a deeper insight into this issue, this paper will take on a few cultural aspects of journalism that has changed with the advent of technology. While there are many areas, this paper will specifically focus on two areas, namely, citizen journalism and changes that have occurred in the tone and style of news presentation. These two aspects were chosen because they are two of the most evident changes that have happened since people started using the Internet. These aspects have changed the way people consume and deliver news, thereby bringing about a new culture in journalism and this is why they are discussed in great detail in this paper. Cultural Changes TheseShow MoreRelatedSocial Structure And Social Structures995 Words   |  4 Pagesand Strathern (1998:22), define society as groups of people or communities that are connected by similar social, economic, political or ideological ties. These scholars state that societies are results of systems of interactions between people, known as social relationships. 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Some Words About Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan English Literature Essay free essay sample

Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan, who wrote under the Takhallus, or pen-name, of Ghalib is still the most influential poet in Urdu. Ghalib agencies conqueror . In the Urdu/Persian tradition, a Takhallus is besides a self-declaring name. At first he wrote under the name Asad , but he consulted a sher, a set of riming pairs in which he sought to epitomize his individuality. The pairs read ; Asad prayed to graven images, yet he was betrayed. Now my shers are glorious, by God s clemency. He commented Asad receives clemency, but by this rubric I am shamed. This displacement gives a critical hint to the significance of Ghalib s puzzling manner. To idolize graven images under the semblance they are God may accrue clemency, but Ghalib writes with the earnestness of one who piously prays to idols as God, non as a heathen, but as one who embraces semblance in order to seek God. Sexual love, the pleasances of drink and the risky insecurity of chancing were therefore semblances whose really contradiction embodied a desire for God. No other poet moves so fleetly from concrete life to mystical devotedness than Ghalib. Ghalib was unfeignedly unconventional as a Muslim, though this creates a job for the devout. His earnestness is embodied in his life and work. Ghalib was born to parents of Turkish blue descent in 1796 in Agra. He lost his male parent and an uncle in early young person. He began to compose early. At 13, a matrimony was arranged with an upper center category household. His married woman was a devout Muslim, who bore him three, or four kids, all of whom died immature. He so moved to Delhi, where his house still stands. Ghalib devoted his life to composing and it was to poetry that he gave most attending. His historical work is a letdown, despite its unrecorded informant of the Mutiny, though this is non a settled opinion. His letters are singular for their conversational easiness and witty sarcasm. All his life Ghalib depended, in turn on upkeep from friends, the Royal Durbar, the British Government and the Nawab of Rampur, with the stop-start consistence Doctor Johnson would hold wryly understood. Ghalib was suspected of back uping the Mutiny ( or First War of Independence ) , but reinstated his repute. His esteem of the British literary tradition was every bit strong as his disdain for the barbarous world of British regulation. He died on 15th February, 1869. Tradition implied every poet should hold a instructor. To be be-ustad was a shame. Ghalib either invented or expanded his contact with Abdulsamad, a Iranian coach from Iran. Like the modern European authors, Paul Celan and Samuel Beckett, Ghalib wrote in two linguistic communications, in his instance, Persian and Urdu. Like them, he intentionally exploited the ambiguities between the contrasting enunciation of the two linguistic communications. However the two traditions portion a similar rhetoric. The ghazal tradition was focussed on tormented love for a distant, or unachievable adult female. To this Ghalib added a broad pallet of metaphysical question, theological speculation, scenes from his practical life and an about dissident temper. While the Iranian tradition seems to hold influenced the Provencal, the European strain of courtly love espoused, valour, criminal conversation and therefore the secretiveness of the senhal, a anonym. The defeat of love prevarications in chance, w hereas in the ghazal tradition, it lies in apparent un-attainability. The similarities contrast and do non meet. To understand Ghalib is to hold on foremost that the individuality of the beloved is rarely defined. It could ever be God, in which instance the properties of the unanswered relationship are upturned to metaphysical consequence. If it is a individual, the love could be brotherly, sisterly, familiar or sexual. The darling became an increasing abstraction in Urdu poesy after the Sixteenth Century. Ghalib s stylistic revolution was to retain the abstraction, yet turn conceptional desire back to the concrete. There is a singular analogue between Ghalib and his younger European coeval, Stephane Mallarme. Like Ghalib he had a devout upbringing, marred by loss of male counsel. Like Ghalib, he married a devout and inflexible married woman. Like Ghalib, he mourned the loss of an baby. Like Ghalib he used the complexness of a related tradition ( in his instance the German Idealistic tradition ) to enrich a reversal of poetic conceptional desire, focused on a construct of void, however to be discerned in the most concrete and spiritual item. Like Ghalib, his technically accomplished poesy neer reached its audience during his life-time. Like Ghalib, his manner challenges great rational sleight in its reading. Like Ghalib, his place as an influence on later poesy is powerful, though unostentatious. The theory of correspondences, stemming from Swedenborg, is a distraction here. It is the usage made by Mallarme by consecutive Symbolist, Expressionist, Surrealist, Modernist and Post-Modernist poesy than provides the existent analogue with Ghalib. I do non claim cognition of modern-day Urdu poetry, but at that place seems to be a rich vena of convergence between the European and Urdu traditions to be found in the comparing. At present, the dynamism of cultural reclamation lies more on the Eastern side than in the West. Recent attempts to understand the tradition of Mallarme seem to hold run into the sand. I quote the attempts of Jonathan Culler. In, Chapter Eight of Stucturalist Poetics, [ 1 ]he states, mentioning to Mallarme s Soupir[ 2 ] say that the adult female is to autumn as the psyche s aspiration is to its inevitable, but unmentioned failure. Yet failure is conditionalised by Mallarme. The psyche is to the sister, as fall is to the Sun. Both the psyche and fall have the power to maintain decease at bay. Winter could be no more concluding than decease. The frozen Big Dipper paths harbour seeds. The push of white H2O seeks to sow the clouds. ( la monte is a Gallic rural look for the genteelness season ) Mallarme keeps pessimism and optimism as unfastened if semi-blasphemous constructions. This is unless one prejudices the issue by claiming that no reading is possible that allows for the world of the transcendent. Jonathan Culler does this later in his dumbfounding statement that Modern critics who concur on small else, seem to hold that this side of Baudelaire- the Baudelaire of Satan, Demons and Evil with a capital E- is of small involvement or importance, non portion of Baudelaire s, or our modernness, but the stale leftover of a Gothic Romanticism which boldly invoked infernal powers. [ 3 ]In fact, the opposite defines his modernness. By taking the stale Satan of Milton, Goethe and Hugo and fusing imitation to scruples, he clears the manner for Mallarme s upside-down scruples of void. Yet even negation is unfastened to faith. A parallel position affects the relationship between Islam and secular post-Modernism. Any reading that starts with the impossibleness of religion, implies the impossibleness of a devout reading of either Mallarme, or Ghalib. One interesting way lies in the links between Jansenism in Mallarme[ 4 ]and Sufi mysticism in Ghalib[ 5 ]. Secular readings should non and make non depend on presuppositions extinguishing the possibility of religion. This is where my relationship to both poets begins. I used to read Mallarme under the desk in my A Level Gallic lessons, non that I despised the music of his coevalss, but that the adult male s undertow of unanswered love was a strong inspiration for my ain authorship at that clip. A twelvemonth or so subsequently, while assisting Fakhir Hussain edit his interlingual rendition of Abdul Harim Sharar s infusions from the Avadh Punch[ 6 ], I encountered Ghalib, in the versions of Malik Ram.[ 7 ] Like all interlingual renditions, mine are a treachery, every bit good as a interlingual rendition. A necessity for undercover agents, the dead missive bead enables the poet to pick up a revealing message from a impersonal topographic point, without bias to its location. Yet every communicating betrays some significance. The eight ghazals I present are a Mallarmean court to Ghalib ; a converse treachery would be to interpret Mallarme into Urdu[ 8 ]. The ghazal is made up of pairs, conventionally five to fifteen, in all. Each sher stands on its ain. A ghazal need non turn to the same construct. All pairs should be independent and follow the same scansion, or behr. There are many different meters in Urdu poesy. They are divided into three kinds- short, medium and long. The tradition seems to hold stopped short of presenting meter as an built-in portion of traditional ghazal pattern, which allows the author in English a necessary freedom, with free poetry off-shoots, such as W. S. Merwin s.[ 9 ]The pairs stick to the rhyming form set by the first sher, or matla. The rhyme strategy begins with a rime word or qafia followed by a chorus or radif which may be a word or set of words. The first pair has the rime in both lines and the others, merely in the 2nd lines. If the radif is Iˆ and A B C are qafias, the form of the ghazal would be AIˆ and BIˆ in the first pair, and CIˆ , DIˆ , EIˆaˆÂ ¦ etc in every 2nd line of the others. The last pair is called the maqta and the poet can include his takhalus. Like Mallarme s early verse form, many ghazals are written in the first individual. Too near an attachment to this strategy sounds insistent in English. Ghalib uses about 19 of the quantitative meters used in the Urdu tradition. In Ghazal 4, I have chosen a single-minded signifier of Chapman s 14 syllable meter. In the others I have chosen the irregular meters of Tennyson and Clough s imitation of Roman quantitative meter. As in the rime strategy, I have used the construction slackly, but I hope recognisably. I have given either a page mention in Malik Ram, or a day of the month to place the original. In the terminal my Homage to Mirza Ghalib demands to be judged as a verse form in its ain right. Ghazal 1 ( p225 ) Your expression s flight surged through bosom and psyche. Both now hired retainers, whom your beauty stole. Your absence is a welcome lesion that Burnss. Sweet gustatory sensation of night-time joy, you vanish whole. Get up now. Bedded forenoons lose their temptingness. My ashes swirl across pathwaies her pess assure. State the zephyr I m happy she neer ran off. See how curving, how graceful her soft pace, so demure. The beat of her walking has shattered all my hopes. Now every man-about-town at her chic communion table gropes. Praise for the brave falls on deafened ears. My eyes turn at a lacing drape s splash. See, it copes! The drunken oculus s excitement clouds your face. What was and shall be clip will now obliterate, for the cleft of day of reckoning came on the dark you left. So Master, times like this clasp you in inexorable embracing! Where so are the daydreams immature work forces hold in topographic point? 24/02/1975-14/08/03. Ghazal 2 ( 1819 ) Recently so strong my now far fallen bosom will shout no longer in unschooled art. Run through by curst hope in a jambon battle, I crawl, vile, to the wings, a exhausted upstart. Rehearse a lesser function, a amusing lover s decease, and hang no more on my miss s enraged breath. Six entrywaies make sense. The floodlighted phase, where light-years mingle at my twentieth. The organic structure of my loved one stands undressed. Merely my sightlessness shames her truth expressed. My contract bosom is signed to circumstance, yet ever seeks her in desire s hurt. I have cancelled the hope of religion s crop Crops gathered from decease s Fieldss are non best. Immune to more hurting, I make unafraid my name. Yet a once-strong bosom lies incapacitated under my chest. The hero of love unrequited falls into love s dark uninvited. Ghazal 3 ( 111 ) Few dead carnival faces come alive once more in fresh tulips or the rose. The remainder prevarication sunken in a quag of slender lips crushed in rest. I remember the public violence, the sheer carouse of festival assemblages. Now silence shelves their forms in limbo none would expose. A secret in the daylight sky, the dazzling girls shine seven fixed visible radiations at twilight ; who taught them to deprive in chorus line? None brought Judah newss of captive Joseph s slumber. His eyes made opened walls see and stone seeded fanlights redefine. My challengers anger me, though Zulaika neither mourned nor raged, when Egyptian misss were fainting for her Moon of Caanan caged. Blood should spring from my eyes, for I lie apart in partitioned dark. In foreign darkness and tearful visible radiation, two tapers burn encouraged I shall happen those providential misss and be avenged their attenuation bangs. Peace now and pride. Night s arm strewn tresses soothe my ailments. Is this a grove? The Luscinia megarhynchoss would hold a cantabile school Birds mimic my calls. This one thinks it s a ghazal she trills. The bosom of her looking is to lance my bosom, O God. It beats a downcast pulsation, under wretchedness s and bad luck s rod. Endlessly these suspirations good up my pharynx. I gag them back. They swell as stitches, torn from my unfastened neckband as I nod. I went to her house, but could I reply her contempt? I wearied her doorkeeper with eternal supplication. I woke him at morning. Now wine elates me. The manus that holds the cup is running with venas, in jugular blood it has sworn. I believe in God, yet spurn all rites to take them up devout, when religion across the universe is dead and all faith s out. When a adult male had carries every bit much as I, such loads are light. Passion becomes a void, a shadow of a uncertainty. Ghalib if you go on like this the people will take attentiveness and small towns and towns will neglect, the land will blow so. 30/11-1/12/1975-14/08/2003 Ghazal 4. ( p.486 ) To emancipate life s torpidity, I have blent another universe of life visible radiation and aroma. Though the austere would take no pleasance, I would tumble the forenoon star and invent a plaint that would so travel my girlfriend s bosom that her weaponries would wither and her watchbands portion. and hurtling snake pit s fury to humanity, I would long to capture the rational art. A date-palm, I ripen with macaws strident hilarity. A cloud, I summon hailstorms of pearl to the Earth. That would state soldiers of chagrin, should agitate up their arms, put blades in their position. I censure the prayerful their dogmatism that even the faithless would follow me. My wickednesss convey me here on high to the Kaaba. She so stretched her supplication, I curled up sleepily Here I would rest and travel no farther, strengthen my drink and chastise my excitement. I would toss off the liquefied goblet in one spell, the entryway to paradise being my loot. Into the sacred spring, I pour my wine-filled glass. I am the heresiarch of the God entirely category. I am he who raises the call, I am God s king of beasts. No pearl more cherished than one I fling at the Imam so crass. Maestro I have founded new words to praise Your tallness. Worship like mine puts ennui to flight. Ghazal 5 ( From Persian ) ( pp 483-4 ) Cruel heathen, she strips my bosom of grace. She is tall and her robe lays bare her face. Hell is the ferociousness of her Acts of the Apostless and paradise the icon of her face. She wears you to torpor with her reserved ways. The quicker your death: the Oklahoman her congratulations. A Parsee, she worships those ungratified fires, keeping green subdivisions to the old God she prays. Harsh as sudden decease, she is as faithless as the joys of this life we live in surplus. She blesses like an covetous Lord. A obstinate hobo, she d steal your bosom for less. She spurs audaciousness, but orders wretchedness. Hard, she is a lonely, wasted district. A cloistral garden is her stamp attention. Her curlscurtained temptingness appeals enigma. A glance of her organic structure varnishes her gift, She sings Isolde to herself, yet she will raise me down to play Tristan when she s miffed. Ghazal 6 Freed from conclusiveness, cornet glad newss, your hilarity, fling your shadow to the Sun, your H2O to the sea. Bare your dorsum to the head covering of her temptingness. Wine s fire suffices. Your chest wounds all can see. Give flints to jewelry makers ; your bosom to her furies. From the beginning of your cryings soften lover s pages. Regret our moans, comfort and admit her appeals. Dew-wakened blooms, brimming with balm and sage, the rain-clouds and reapers mature your aroma. Do non disperse your favors from a high acclivity, but do me, unknowing, your wrath s exclusive purpose. Shoots informed of spliting out, florescent, learn her lissome, fascinated alder how to walk. Though she forbid my stolen, tearful bosom to speak Allow me the right to condense its passion, the right to maintain a silence she can neer resist. You who envy my joy so absurd, travel cut the wings of the humming bird. Ghazal 7. ( 22 ) ( 1847 ) Beloved our brush shall non be. Given epochs, no hope lives of you and me. Yet I feed on where hope is light. Death lies certain, for you must be. Fragile, your comeliness, your word, retrieve, with watchbands fixed, you might give up. Ask me to claim your expression s tight bow. Had the bolt struck, no hurting would it render. What times are these when friends make me take a firm stand and non to simmer down my passion s effect? The deep stone s venas would hold bled abundantly, were my afflictions triping my psyche to its schist. Mercilessly, my grieving seeps out. Not sorrowing your loss, grieves addition as uncertainty. Should I talk of the long dark s yearning? I d sooner speak of decease if it had some clout. Yet others would dish the dirt of cowardliness so I ll submerge with no organic structure or building. Who can see God, the lone unique one? Mysticism now, what accomplishment, what office! We d canonize you were you non a rummy! You d be our saint to whatever deepnesss you d drop. Ghazal 8 ( p196 ) Your silence non to be breached by the mouthed word ; merely the lesion s natural lips can express ideas non erred. The universe is all that lover s moans have listed on Laila s forehead, an endless enchantment, infinitely heard. Passion and grief invite no gaiety. These you will non detect, to my hurt. But deeper torment may spur compassion. Do nt reprimand my heartache ; to this quandary all turn at length. The rending of my bosom gives no entree. Why rupture your shirt apart and be the butt of those who jeer? How much longer can this digest start from the fragments of my scattered psyche and H2O wastes to do the thorn shrub whole? Ageless loved-one, you hide in your blaze fire. The earthly oculus can non gestate your function Insane, I am the cesspool of the universe. Break unfastened my caput, with the rock you hurled and you will happen pearls with a tear s luster. If such is my addition, what loss if my humor s unfurled? The promise of ecstasy shortens my life with its fire. Who has the hours to incorporate such a pyre? This cruel, wild hungering for truth forces affliction that new things transpire. My effusions are spent. They have shattered my caput. I have merely my custodies what can I do alternatively? I shall raise a visible radiation that the faultfinders can non see. I shall inflame a fire that the Phoenix has fled. The unaccessible morning of this poet s joy felt wages excessively high a monetary value ; for his bosom would run. Duncan McGibbon was born in Greenock Scotland in 1949. He lived in Wolverhampton, Middlesbrough, Kent and Twickenham. He attended St Mary s College, Strawberry Hill and King s College London. He was a member of the Poet s Workshop which ran through the Sixtiess to the Nineties where his wise mans were among others, the late Philip Hobsbaum, George MacBeth and Leonard Clark, and Peter Porter and Alan Brownjohn. He began printing in diaries in the 70 s. He presently lives and works in Geneva, transposing between his British and Genevan workshops.

Will The World Starve Essays - Population, Environmental Issues

Will the World Starve? Looking out a window upon a barren desert, a dry wasteland unfolds as a carpet to nowhere. Abandoned cities dot the horizon, as the ruins speak volumes to the once populated extravagance of a country which lived on wealth and opportunity. The vision just described is not one out of a Hollywood movie script, but one that is not only possible but probable. Currently, the world population numbers over six billion, with China alone cradling over one-sixth of the world's total population. With the world population increasing at a rate of one hundred million a year, the numbers are expected to hit ten billion by the end of 2040. Most scientists agree that the maximum number of people that the earth can sustain is fifteen billion, leaving the earth in a quandary before the end of the twenty-first century when the total world population is expected to reach a staggering sixteen to eighteen billion. The consumption of the world's natural resources due to this exponential growth could result in worldwide famine, a complete breakdown in the world market, uncontrollable outbreaks of disease, and widespread crime and disorder. Currently, the ratio of land which can be used for agricultural endeavors is estimated to be one in nine acres. The world's produce producer is only a small sliver of a total land mass apple pie sliced into nine equal, yet tiny slices and as the amount of soil suitable for agriculture dwindles, the slice with which the world relies on continues to shrink. Considering the little amount of available farmland, it should be expected that there would be more of an effort to conserve this vital resource, but unfortunately the issue has not yet risen to a level of global importance. The amount of fertile topsoil is becoming more and more unusable for agriculture. Water, used for the irrigation of the world's life giving crops, contains naturally dissolved minerals and over time the minerals from the irrigated water supply collect in the topsoil. After many years of constantly farming a particular region, the soil begins to become less and less fertile. This process, known as salinization, has affected many of the farms around the world. Once this process is complete, the soil becomes totally useless for any kind of farming. Over long periods of time, salinization, combined with the erosion of the topsoil due to wind and rain, starts to cause the world's farmlands to exponentially dissipate. Ethiopia is a prime example of how salinization, combined with overgrazing and erosion, has affected every aspect of the economy. Food shortages, lack of domestic trade products, and low incomes for farmers and agricultural workers are all bi-products of a land ravaged by overuse and abuse. With the people scrambling to find a quick fix solution to this problem that has been building for decades, the economy along with the people's only domestic food source, is slipping further and further into a seemingly unrecoverable disaster. The earth's industry is expected to produce enough manufactured materials to support the world's current six billion people. The list of finished products includes food (from agriculture), clothes and all other luxuries which most of the world has become accustomed. If most scientists are correct, the maximum capacity of which the world can sustain is estimated to be fifteen billion people. Maximum capacity is described as the amount of people that can be sustained without causing a complete breakdown in society. Numerous scientists have speculated that many of the world's natural resources used to support current life such as clean water and air, gasoline, oil, and even coal will almost be completely depleted up by the end of the century. With decimated natural resources, a lack of topsoil, and a completely over-populated planet, anthropologists have agreed that the end of the century, if not before, will culminate in a complete breakdown of industry in the world market. With this extinction of resources looming, it is obvious that new methods of energy and topsoil conservation need to be discovered. Speculation has been made that it is too late to turn back the dependence which humans have developed for natural resources. How can anyone be expected to turn away from their gas-powered cars and their electric houses? If, however, the current rate of consumption continues, then there is no doubt what the future will hold. Since 1950 half of the world's trees have been cut down and every day six square acres of rain forest are lost to the hum of a

The Classical Western Essays

The Classical Western Essays The Classical Western Essay The Classical Western Essay Essay Topic: Classical Film genres vary from a range of different aspects such as categories, classifications or groups of films that are persistent and have similar or common identifiable patterns. For example syntax, filmic techniques or conventions. This includes one or more of the following setting, content and subject matter, theme, period, plot, central narrative, motif, styles, structures, situations, recurring, icons, stock character and stars many movies overlap quite a few film genres. Westerns are the main significant genre of the American film industry. They are one of the oldest, generally lasting genres with extremely recognisable plots, elements and characters, (Six guns, horses, dusty, towns and trails). Since the olden days, western have been reconstructed in many ways and drawn out. It portrays the conquest of the wilderness and nature. Western movies also refer back to the colonial period, this gives us a chance to interpret different context and develop our own view of modern movies to western. It is most definite one of the most artistic exploration of the Western time, as it redefines its past aspirations and ideas. High Noon One of the most popular, carefully shot and highly stylised movies is High Noon .It owes its popularity to suspense in the real sense which is very extraordinary and appealing to audiences and also its theme tune. The cultural form of this movie symbolises the western atmosphere. Features such as the photograph of the old civil war are a sign of reflecting the historical subjects of western time. The Pro-Filmic Codes are everything that happens in front of the camera. Such as the setting of the scene and features which are included in the scene. In High Noon the pro filmic codes include the tumbleweed, which is a representation of how deserted the area was in western times. It highlights the fact of isolation. Guns portrayed the action/violence of the characters and everyone was influenced of the fact that if you possess a gun you are a cowboy. So, there were basically influenced by wanting their position in society and reputation. Dress Code included the typical cowboy hats, boots and coats. The heros will wear light colours and outstanding ones however villains will be in darker colours to outline their negative role. Women wore dresses covering themselves mostly, however they had a very forward and bold look to them as of their tight braziers, which reflected more of an open look towards them. I think their look was the first change since the Elizabethan women and what the y used to wear. Saloon was one of the most socializing places of western towns. As the men used to drink, play cards, fight and pay visits to the whorehouses mostly situated upstairs. Church is the place of worship, which existed for Christians. The people in High Noon would mostly use it for confession and to wash away their sins. In High Noon, the sheriffs office was one of the most seen places in the movie as it came into a lot of use because of the villains. Also because the Sheriff was the hero and everything mostly revolved around his actions. Stables, horse posts and coaches were the most used transportation in the Western times. Another main place in High Noon is the train station every larger city had a station. The barbershop and general store are not shown in the movie much but was essential to a westernised movie. It was more of a socializing place as people used to gossip about others. In the movie Kanes wife Amy awaits her husband in the hotel, where she find out more gossip about her husband from one of the hotel workers. High Noon has one hero, one main villain and his helpers. Filmic Codes are technical Codes such as dialogue. One of the interesting techniques used in this movie was in fact to have the sequence of events occur in the real time. When a clock is shown in a scene, an event the audience expects to occur at another given time will occur that number of minutes later in the movie. This particular factor time is a filmic code of the movie. The colour of the movie, which is Black and White, is there to capture the atmosphere of old civil war photographs. The Theme and the music are based on the western image. It has a theme tune which persistently whines its way into the subconscious. The Southern Dialogue is an identifying tool of the characters; it helps us understand the nature of the people and their upbringing. A further filmic code shines all the way through at the station, when Helen Wills mature mistress boards the train. She notices the coming of Frank Miller-first seen from behind to build curiosity and enlarge tension and anticipation an d then seen with a close-up of his acne-scarred face. Establishing shots includes the crane shot, just before the final gunfight. The shot backs up and raises, and we see the character totally alone and isolated on the street. The entire town has deserted him. Through this event normal life has been disturbed .All of the given technical Codes are organised one after the other to create an abrupt feeling of a westernised movie. They all follow through an important role to fulfil a western genre. It probably works best as a thriller as it builds to a climax, but the ending of this is a bit unsatisfactory. The Theme of this movie includes the basics of a western movie. Violence, conflicts, marriage, sacrifice, death and love. The Sheriff gets married but after feels that he wants to give up his status as he wants to move on in life and enjoy his life. He is to weak to fulfil this wish, it is a story of a man who was to proud to run .The Villains get out of prison and after the sheriff is isolated as the town folks want him to leave. However, he cant because he has got responsibilities like his own wife and the societys protection. Many of the frightened, self-servicing and gutless townspeople are leaving in order to be absent when Miller shows up. The Showdown includes the high-awaited climax, which was a bit disappointing. The Hero wins, he disdainfully looks around reaches for his tin badge, takes it ff and drops it into the dusty street and turn to leave. He not only throws way his badge but his responsibility of the people. Magnificent 7 The Story of this movie is very similar to a Chinese film called Seven Samurai. A peasant village in Northern Mexico hires American gun fighters to fight off Calveras forty thieves. Pro-filmic codes, its a village, which is set in Mexico. There are Farmers who are dressed in white to show their innocence and no mean for harm to others .A Church, which is worn out, and old just like the rest of the village. This shows the poverty and their living standards. A pub, which is not like a saloon in the normal westerns. It was more like an open aired space, where people could sit anywhere in peace mostly outside on the terrace. Only the Magnificent 7 or the bandits used horses. Then we have the dress code of the Magnificent 7, which were all different as it reflects their individuality. Yul Brynner (Chris) is dressed in black portraying his dark past. Vin, dressed in white/ brown clothes showing more of a positive background. There are 7 heroes and one main villain with his fellow bandits. Filmic Codes, the movie is in colour. The wide shot used at the start of the introduction of the village is very informative as it shows what the features are of the village and gives us a clear idea of the village. Spanish language, this reflects the context and the dialogue. The theme music is by Elmer Bernstein. There is one theme tune played for the heroes and a different one for the villains, this reflects the difference of character. Chris, a leader, probably a noble fighter who comes across danger a lot. This is why he has earned the confidence in understanding his emotions and problematic situations. Vin, a competent person with a weapon he is defiantly similar to a cowboy. He likes the fact of being independent but wants to settle down and live his own way. Chico, he is the youngest of the seven also the most innocent and inexperienced. He wants to forget his past, which revolved around farming and wants to prove himself of being a fighter like the others. Bernardo, is a brawny solitary man that is a lot like Chris however does not seem to be as eager to lead. He is a very intriguing character and very unique. He has earned a bit of money from his past but has nothing now. The concentration he gives to the local community gives us an idea of his goodness and that he can part both violence and decency. This is what becomes a very important issue near the end as he runs to save the village children but unfortunately is killed by doing so. Lee is a very tricky character to understand. He seems to be the hard and strong gunman who used to be selfish and arrogant. But after so many years having understood life in a different way makes him realise his weaknesses. He really wants to do the right thing but finds it so hard to do it when it comes to the time. Britt is an outsider who is plainly misunderstood. He is someone whos thinking remains to him. Harry is a decent man but lets tings influence his decisions easily. He is like someone who is so close to get what he wants but always makes the mistake to step back. Its always like he has got it but refuses to take it. The chief of the bandits is Calvera who is not a contrasting fellow. He believes that his job is to steal and rob in order to provide himself and his men. The theme of this movie is a conflict between farmers and bandits, the farmers hire gunfighters. Seven heroes are hired to protect the village, first invasion of bandits is not successful and the heroes succeed. Bandits find another access to the village. The Bandits prepare a trap, which the heroes fall for. Heroes pride is hurt. This encourages them to fight back; it leads onto the showdown in the village. The Heroes win although 4 die and 3 survive. Village is saved, and then we are portrayed with the theme of love. As one of the heroes, Chico stays as he has fallen in love with one of the farmers daughters. Chris and Vin leave the village. Once upon a time in the West It is a spaghetti western as it is influenced by an Italian culture. The director himself is Italian too. It tells a story of five characters all entangled by possessions just prepared valuable by the railroad. Pro-Filmic Codes. Deserted Train Station this is ironic as it is a public place and hardly ever is deserted. There is a house, which is situated away from the town itself, The McBain property. Which the villains, Frank and Morton plan to take it. Harmonica and Cheyenne are the two heroes, as Harmonica is trying to get revenge on Frank and Cheyenne is blamed for killing the McBain family and for its own goodness he wants to try to find out who the real killer is. The real hero of the movie is in fact Jill McBain who is the beautiful prostitute who married Bratt McBain. To take revenge for her familys outcome she stays in the house and does not leave the town. She even has sexual contact with Frank but only to get closer to her enemy. Filmic Codes, this movie is in colour. The cinematography is excellent. Wide shots of the stunning, open rural area lends to the impressive classical feel. To portray feelings and emotions, close ups were used rather than dialogues. The movie travels very gradually and in a very spectacular and heroic way. We are presented with 3 men with weapons s the train station with backgrounded noises for example the creaking of the windmills. There is a zoom in on the mens faces as the train arrives at the station. The theme music include the Harmonica, this again outlines the western influence also the guitar, banjo and romantic theme. The use of natural sounds is very good for example the flight of birds and the horses. The theme includes death, revenge and nature. Long opening scene introducing the 3 villains and 1 hero. Villains kill McBain family except the wife who is not present. After death, the townsfolks gather around the McBain property. Jill McBain arrives at her house seeing the people of the town surrounding the dead bodies. She swears revenge. Cheyenne is introduced as the second hero and he encounters with Jill at her house. He also meets Harmonica. They think of a plan to save the property, this links onto the showdown where eye shots are used frequently. Heroes win and the 2 villains die. Revenge comes to an end. Over the time, we have developed our understanding of movies which are very different in many ways whether it be the way the characters are introduces, how long the introductory scene is and what other things such as noises we should take into consideration. There is something in every movie, which is unique; there is always one aspect of what difference it makes to others. That is why every movie varies because they advance from each other, which develops, into a more and more altered way of viewing cinema. The Generic Conventions and themes influence the characters, plot and themes. It is what makes the movie, a movie. Without these things there wouldnt be an understanding between the features so it wouldnt flow. This develops through language, music, characterisation and classifications.

Partnership Building for Social Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Partnership Building for Social Capital - Essay Example (Whelan, 1999) Various organizations like the London Sustainable Development Commission are of the belief that there are a number of gaps and issues that need to be looked into in order to provide more comprehensive facilities for these areas. These issues and gaps are in respect of the regular provisions that are made for the people on a day to day basis. Lack of resources is a major problem apart from faulty resource allocation of already scarce resources. (Elsdon, 1998) This is where partnership building comes into play. Manpower acquisition and allocation is another major issue for which widespread recruitment of volunteers and other employees needs to be carried out with a special focus on interns from the creation of awareness and psychological field. Further, apart from the financial problems, there is a lack of specialist services that will cater to these issues and find out the key problem areas that will help curb the problem of lack of development and focus on the detrimental effects of such lack on the region as a whole. (Whelan, 1999) These services must be available to carry out widespread work with the families and other people related to the region. Further, these services must have the strong backing of management tools so as to develop the plans and implementation process in a strategic fashion. This points strongly to partnership building. (Lsdc, 2006) Further, these strategies for partnership building need to operate at a regional and local level so as to bring maximum benefit to maximum people, owing to the fact that most people from socially deprived areas in East London, are unaware of the national policies in most matters. Purpose and Advantages of Instigating Partnerships: Placement of the right man at the right place, at the right time. A study of the motions and material handling practices within the organization or situation, so as to find the fastest and easiest way of carrying out an activity. The implementation of cost accounting in all areas of operation, tactical and strategic activities. De centralization of responsibility and authority so as to place a group of men under the supervision of one commander per area of operation. To create room for four to eight functional officers who will take care of various aspects of the overall task, so as to ensure that each sub task is carried out as regards minimum motion and cost per person. (Ervitt et al, 1994) The creation and use of partnerships in an effective manner can be furthered through adequate training and development tactics even when there is no incident. This can be done as follows: ( i ) Definition of specific knowledge requirements - this stage to examines the skills and knowledge level that is required to be developed within the overall social system in order to meet the new objectives identified by the training needs. This helps the management gain perspective as to which kind of training strategy will be the most effective one when adopted for the situation at hand. (Lsdc,

Judeo - Christian Bible and the Islamic Qu'ran Essay

Judeo - Christian Bible and the Islamic Qu'ran - Essay Example It is evident that the omnipotence and the omnipresence of the one God led to the basics of Islam. The single divinity acceptance unified all things, and this led to harmony throughout the universe in the due to the impact of Islam and Christianity (Silberstein, 159). Another similarity that Judeo-Christian bible and the Islamic Qur’an have is traced in the heritage to the Biblical patriarch, Abraham. In the context, Abraham is referred to as the father of nations in Genesis 12 and to Christians it means that they are descendants of Abraham. The bible also creates the awareness that we are the inheritance of God’s promises to Abraham. Islams believe that Islamic religion came from Ishmael the son of Abraham and the maidservant Hagar (Silberstein, 158). The differences between the Bible and the Quran have is back dated to the Deity of Jesus. Qur’an shows Jesus as a prophet just like Noah, Moses and Abraham. Islam’s compare him with Prophet Mohammad, who was a descendant of Ishmael. This is apparent in Koran 4:171 that say, â€Å"Jesus, who was the son of Mary, and was not more than Allah’s apostle (Bogle,4-5). Conversely, Christians view Jesus as greater than a prophet. The Bible depicts him as the son of God. The statement is evident in John 4:26 where Jesus claimed to be God’s son. 1st Timothy 3:16 states that Jesus was used by God to manifest his flesh (Burgos, 76). Another difference is on the internal judgment. The Qur’an explains that those who murder or are killed by unbelievers will go back to the garden of paradise a place of many lustful pleasures (Koran 9:111). As for the Bible it outlines that those who believe in Jesus Christ and have let him lead their life will enjoy eternity in heaven (Burgos, 80). The other view of internal judgment the Qur’an teaches that those who worship any other god other than Allah will have a great punishment as they will go to hell,

A Research Paper on American Airlines Flight 587 Essay Example for Free

A Research Paper on American Airlines Flight 587 Essay The airplane’s engines also separated in flight and were found several blocks north and east of the main wreckage site. All 260 people aboard the airplane and 5 people on the ground were killed, and the airplane was destroyed by impact forces and a post-crash fire. Flight 587 was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 121 on an instrument flight rules flight plan. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The accident airplane was delivered new to American Airlines on July 12, 1988. At the time of the accident, the airplane had accumulated 37,550 flight hours and 14,934 cycles. History of Airbus A300 The development of the A300 airplane began in May 1969, and the first flight of an A300 occurred in October 1972. The A300B2 and A300B4 models entered service in May 1974 and June 1975, respectively. The development of the A300-600 series airplane (a derivative of the A300B2/B4) began in December 1980, the first flight of an A300-600 occurred in July 1983, and the airplane was certificated in March 1984. Before the accident, 242 A300-600 series airplanes were in service worldwide. The A300-605R is one of several variants of the A300-600 series airplane. The â€Å"5† refers to the type of engine installed on the airplane and the â€Å"R† refers to the airplane’s ability to carry fuel in the horizontal stabilizer. (National Transportation Safety Board [NTSB], 2004, p. 14) First Officer Information The first officer, Stan Molin age 34, was hired by American Airlines in March 1991. He held an ATP certificate and an FAA first-class medical certificate dated October 18, 2001, with a limitation that required him to wear correcting lenses while exercising the privileges of the certificate. The first officer received a type rating on the A300 in November 1998. According to American Airlines records, the first officer had flown Shorts 360, Beechcraft 99, and DeHavilland DHC-6 airplanes in commuter and regional operations under 14 CFR Parts 121 and 135. He had accumulated 3,220 hours total flying time in commercial and general aviation before his employment with American Airlines. American Airlines records also indicated that the first officer had accumulated 4,403 hours total flying time, 26 including 1,835 hours as an A300 second-in-command. (National Transportation Safety Board [NTSB], 2004, p. 1) Rudder Structure The A300-600 vertical stabilizer and rudder were constructed with composite materials, that is, mixtures that contain two or more distinct materials that are unified into one combined material. (NTSB, 2004, p. 15) Composite materials Carbon fiber is a form of graphite in which these sheets are long and thin. You might think of them as ribbons of graphite. Bun ches of these ribbons like to pack together to form fibers, hence the name carbon fiber. These fibers arent used by themselves. Instead, theyre used to reinforce materials like epoxy resins and other thermosetting materials. We call these reinforced materials composites because they have more than one component. Carbon fiber reinforced composites are very strong for their weight. Theyre often stronger than steel, but a whole lot lighter. Because of this, they can be used to replace metals in many uses, from parts for airplanes and the space shuttle to tennis rackets and golf clubs. (Carbon Fiber, 2005, p. 1) Rudder Structural Analyses NASA-Langley’s and Airbus’ analyses determined that the fracture of the right rear main attachment lug was the most probable initial failure. The analyses indicated that, The vertical stabilizer fractured from the fuselage in overstress, starting with the right rear lug while the vertical stabilizer was exposed to aerodynamic loads that were about twice the certified limit load design envelope and after the right rear main attachment lug fractured, all of the remaining attachment fittings would fracture with no increase in external loading. (NTSB, 2004, p. 115) Flight Control System The A300B2/B4 model used a rudder control system employing a Variable Lever Arm (VLA) to limit rudder travel. A similar rudder-ratio changer design is also found in most other transport category aircraft. The VLA limited the amount of rudder available to the pilot as the airplane’s speed increased. The rudder pedals consistently moved the same physical distance, yielding a proportion of rudder relative to speed. In 1988, Airbus implemented a completely new rudder design, which significantly modified the function of the previous model and hence, the handling qualities of the new A300-600 airplane design. This new system used a variable stop actuator (VSA) which is also found in the MD-80. The VSA also limited the amount of rudder available to the pilot. The difference in this system is that the distance which the rudder pedals moved also decreased as the rudder movement decreased in proportion to speed. A significant flaw in the design failed to offer the same kind of protection as in the McDonnell design. The MD-80 limits rudder travel and affords protection in the form of rudder â€Å"blow down† should an operator demand more rudder travel (with resultant excessive load) than the structure can withstand. These kinds of redundant system designs are common in commercial aviation. The Airbus Flight Crew Operations Manual (FCOM) addresses the rudder system much like any other manufacturer and, in fact, did not change the language of the FCOM even after changing the A300 design from the VLA to the VSA system. (Allied Pilots Association, 2002, p. 9) Blow-Down System On an aircraft equipped with a hinge moment limiting (or â€Å"blow-down†) system, a device is employed to limit the force capability of the hydraulic actuators, and thereby aerodynamic forces limit the maximum rudder deflection output as airspeed or aircraft configuration changes. American Airlines, 2004, p. 11) Vortices and Wake Turbulence Vortices form because of the difference in pressure between the upper and lower surfaces of a wing that is operating at a positive lift. Since pressure is a continuous function, the pressures must become equal at the wing tips. The tendency is for particles of air to move from the lower wing surface around the wing tip to the upper surface (from the region of high pressure to the region of low pressure) so that the pressure becomes equal above and below the wing. In addition, there exists the oncoming free-stream flow of air approaching the wing. If these two movements of air are combined, there is an inclined inward flow of air on the upper wing surface and an inclined outward flow of air on the lower wing surface. The flow is strongest at the wing tips and decreases to zero at the mid-span point as evidenced by the flow direction there being parallel to the free-stream direction. When the air leaves the trailing edge of the wing, the air from the upper surface is inclined to that from the lower surface, and helical paths, or vortices, result. A whole line of vortices trails back from the wing, the vortex being strongest at the tips and decreasing rapidly to zero at mid-span. A short distance downstream, the vortices roll up and combine into two distinct cylindrical vortices that constitute the tip vortices. The tip vortices trail back from the wing tips and they have a tendency to sink and roll toward each other downstream of the wing. Again, eventually the tip vortices dissipate, their energy being transformed by viscosity this change may take some time and may prove to be dangerous to other aircraft. The tip vortices cause additional down flow (or downwash) behind the wing within the wingspan. For an observer fixed in the air, all the air within the vortex system is moving downward (called down wash) whereas all the air outside the vortex system is moving upward (called up wash). An aircraft flying perpendicular to the flight path of the airplane creating the vortex pattern will encounter up wash, downwash, and up wash in that order. The gradient, or change of downwash to up wash, can become very large at the tip vortices and cause extreme motions in the airplane flying through it. An airplane flying into a tip vortex also has a large tendency to roll over. If the control surfaces of the airplane are not effective enough to counteract the airplane roll tendency, the pilot may lose control or, in a violent case, experience structural failure. (Langley Research Center, 2005, Chapter 4) The takeoff and landings of the new generation of jumbo jets compound the problems of severe tip vortices. During takeoff and landing, the speed of the airplane is low and the airplane is operating at high lift coefficients to maintain flight. The atmospheric conditions aloft were favorable for a slow rate of vortex decay. The wake vortex from Japan Air Lines flight 47 would have had an age of about 100 seconds, and flight 587 would have encountered the wake vortex at a time before vortex linking and rapid vortex decay. The predicted circulation of the wake vortex at the times of the apparent encounters would have been between 63 and 80 percent of the vortex’s initial strength. In testimony at the public hearing, the main author of the wake vortex investigation report stated that, even though his ork supported a wake encounter, the wake was â€Å"nothing extraordinary. †(NTSB, 2004, p. 57) Aircraft Pilot Coupling Aircraft pilot coupling (APC) was previously known as Pilot Involved Oscillation (PIO). An APC event is when the dynamics of the aircraft (including the flight control system [FCS]) and the dynamics of the pilot combine to produce an unstable pilot vehicle system. APC events can result if the pilot i s operating with a behavioral mode that is inappropriate for the task at hand, and such events are properly ascribed to pilot error. However, the committee believes that most severe APC events attributed to pilot error are the result of adverse APC that misleads the pilot into taking actions that contribute to the severity of the event. (Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Research Council, 1997, p. 14) APC problems are often associated with the introduction of new designs, technologies, functions, or complexities. New technologies, such as FBW and fly-by-light flight control systems, are constantly being incorporated into aircraft. As a result, opportunities for APC are likely to persist or even increase. (Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Research Council, 1997, p. 19) Flight 587 APC Event What the pilots of Flight 587 did not know was that the rudder controls on the A300-600 become increasingly sensitive as airspeed increases above 165 knots; this unique sensitivity creates adverse APC propensities primarily in the lateral axis. Flight AA587’s APC event was triggered by an unexpectedly sensitive response of the rudder to an initial, single pedal input by the pilot during a wake vortex encounter. Due to the unique characteristics in the aircraft’s flight control system design, the pilot became caught in an adverse APC/pilot involved oscillation mode as he attempted to counter the effects of that input. Specifically, after making a control wheel input followed by a rudder input intended to achieve a desired aircraft response, the over-sensitivity of the rudder control system induced the pilot to make additional, essentially cyclic, corrective rudder inputs as he attempted to stabilize the aircraft. American Airlines, 2004, p. 60) Probable Cause of Flight AA587 Crash Flight AA587 crash was triggered by an unexpectedly sensitive response of the rudder to an initial, single pedal input by the pilot during a wake vortex encounter. Due to the unique characteristics in the aircraft’s flight control system design, the pilot became caught in an adverse APC/pilot involved oscillation mode as he attempted to counter the effects of that input. Specifically, after making a control wheel input followed by a rudder input intended to achieve a desired aircraft response, the over-sensitivity of the rudder control system induced the pilot to make additional, essentially cyclic, corrective rudder inputs as he attempted to stabilize the aircraft. Unknown to the pilot, because of the sensitivity of the rudder controls and the powerful nature of the hydraulically driven rudder actuators, these corrective inputs rapidly generated rupture loads. (American Airlines, 2004, p. 0) An aspect of Advanced Airplane Maneuvering Program (AAMP) training relative to upset recovery techniques introduced response time delays to roll inputs in the training simulator. Flight crews in training, when encountering the delayed responses during roll upsets, reverted to use of the rudder in order to provide the necessary roll response to initiate recovery.

Homosexuality, Nature or Nurture? Essays -- Homo Gay Lesbian

Homosexuality, Nature or Nurture? Homosexuality has become a large issue in our lives today. Gay Rights activists have been making their voices heard; this has attracted the attention of the population making them take notice of their cause. The church has not been able to get away from the powerful political and social pressure of homosexuality. Some churches have accepted homosexuality but many still do not accept homosexuals, saying it is unnatural and not what 'god' intended of man. The church claims that what ever decision has been made, it has been done so on the basis of Christian moral principles. The Old Testament clearly forbids homosexual practices and in Leviticus 20:13 it reads: "If there is a man who lies with a male as those who lie with a woman, both of them have committed a detestable act; they shall surely be put to death." (Pyne, 1992, http://www.probe.org/docs/homosex1.html) To address the issue of whether homosexuality derives from biological determinism (nature) or from the influences experienced from the environment around them (nurture), in 1973 the APA (American psychiatric Association) through much pressure from the Gay Rights Activists, classified homosexuality under the heading of sexual orientation disturbance. Sexual orientation refers to an individual's sexual attraction towards persons of a particular gender. Heterosexuals show this attraction to members of the opposite sex, homosexuals show it to members who are the same sex. According to Gross, McIlveen, Coolican, Clamp and Russell, 2000, three to four percent of men are exclusively homosexual compared to around one percent of women. Acc... ...new introduction: Hodder & Stoughton Pyne, 1992, http://www.probe.org/docs/homosex1.html, 04/2002 Saunders and Pickering, 1997, http://www.cmf,org,uk/pubs/nucleus/nucoct97/cause.htm : 04/2002 Bibliography Bailey, 1991, http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/scotts/bulgarians/nature-nurture/bailey-pil.html :04/2002 Blum, 1997, http://www.worldpolicy.org/americas/sexorient/twins.html : 04/2002 Bourne, Russo, 1998,Psychology: behaviour in context: Norton. Cameron, http://www.familyresearchinst.org/FRI_EduPamphlet5.html :04/2002 McIlveen, Coolican, Clamp and Russell, 2000, Psychology, a new introduction: Hodder & Stoughton Pyne, 1992, http://www.probe.org/docs/homosex1.html, 04/2002 Saunders and Pickering, 1997, http://www.cmf,org,uk/pubs/nucleus/nucoct97/cause.htm : 04/2002

Monologue: High School Essay

Do you realize that tonight is the most important night of my life? Oh my God! Do you? It’s like totally more important than cheer tryouts. It’s more important than my first kiss, the first day of middle school, the first day of high school, the first day of Driver’s Ed, more important than my driver’s license, more important than any of my ex-boyfriends, more important than my current boyfriends†¦ I mean friend. It is the pinnacle of the high school experience. The prom. Prom night. The night that I will remember for the rest of my life. I spent six hundred dollars on my dress. Anyway, Jane Hickman spent a thousand†¦ She’s a total daddy’s girl. For her sixteenth birthday, her Dad bought her a brand new Ford Explorer. For my sixteenth birthday I only got a two year old Taurus. Whatever. Some girls are just born with a silver spoon in their mouth. She’s such a snobby little rich girl. A little rich girl whose parents buy her anything she wants. Her parents have a swimming pool and a tennis court. All we have is a Jacuzzi. One time she told me she (Makes quote signs with her fingers. ) liked my outfit. She’s such a snob. I know what she meant. She was making fun of my new designer jeans. She thinks they’re out of fashion already. Slut. Oh well, I’m not going to let Jane Hickman ruin the most important night of my life. My six hundred dollar dress is way more stylish that that over-priced rag she’s going to’ wear. That little bitch. That little slut. I’m going to’ be homecoming royalty for sure. Homecoming queen! I hate Jane Hickman. love bite Hickman, ’cause she’s always got a love bite on her neck. That little crazy mamma better not be getting on the royal court. I’d just kill myself if she was homecoming queen. I’d kill myself! It’s bad enough her dress cost more. It’s bad enough she’s got a newer car. It’s bad enough she’s got a pool and a tennis court. I hate my parents. I can’t believe you’re related to my Mom. She’s so lame. At least you have money. We sure don’t. Why don’t we have a pool and a tennis court? My Mom is so lazy all she does is sit around at the computer. My Dad’s never around. He’s always at the (Makes quotes with her fingers again. ) office. Whatever that means. Like if he was at the (Makes quotes one last time. ) office, he’d be making money right? Well, maybe he needs to get his butt in gear and get his daughter a fifteen hundred dollar dress so she doesn’t look like a bag lady at the prom. That’s what I’m going to look like. A bag lady! Jane Hickman is going to’ be prom queen for sure. This is going to’ be the worst night of my life.

Inaugural Braves At Beautiful Chase Bank Park - 955 Words

Charleston Braves Dear Sponsor, We would like to THANK YOU for considering the opportunity to sponsor the Charleston Braves for the 2015 season! We are very excited for what the 2015 season has in store for our organization. We have a great deal of talented players who are going to give it their all every day they step onto the field. The Charleston Braves are a Triple-A minor league baseball team that is located in beautiful community. Playing at this level will help shape the future of the Major League affiliate. We believe in building, developing the skills and fundamentals of baseball. We are seeking sponsors who would like to be associated with this program. All of our home games are played at beautiful Chase Bank Park. In return for your sponsorship, your business will be advertised with a banner on the outfield fence, and on our website (http://charlestonbaseball.org/) and other social media outlets. You will also receive many other kinds of amenities in appreciation. All who come to the park during the spring and summer will view your banner! For those who have sponsored us in previous years, we THANK YOU and look forward to your continued support. Attached you will find a sheet with your sponsorship options. With your support, you can help continue our overall success as a organization. Thank you for all your Support!! Respectfully, Charleston Braves Charleston Braves Sponsorship Levels Levels Corporate Sponsor: $3000.00 24’X32’Show MoreRelatedBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagesno regulators like SEBI * It was a regulated regime and there was a ‘license raj’ * India was cocooned economy where flying was a luxury * Journalists also carried a Nehruvian Socialist sort of legacy * 1969: Banks were nationalised * 1976: Emergency was imposed * 1991: Indian economic reforms were initiated * Harshad Mehta Scam in 1993 * The Indian stock market and investor saw a frenzy * The Indian middle-class saw